what idea was espoused with the webster hayne debates23 Apr what idea was espoused with the webster hayne debates
The Union to be preserved, while it suits local and temporary purposes to preserve it; and to be sundered whenever it shall be found to thwart such purposes. . The Webster-Hayne Debate: Defining Nationhood in the Early American Help if you can :) please and ty . . The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions Add Song of the Spinners from the Lowell Offering. 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Address before the Wisconsin State Agricultural So "The Whole Affair Seems the Work of a Madman", John Brown and the Principle of Nonresistance. The significance of Daniel Webster's argument went far beyond the immediate proposal at hand. . to expose them to the temptations inseparable from the direction and control of a fund which might be enlarged or diminished almost at pleasure, without imposing burthens upon the people? The tendency of all these ideas and sentiments is obviously to bring the Union into discussion, as a mere question of present and temporary expediency; nothing more than a mere matter of profit and loss. The Curious Case of Evangelist Pat Robertson | Winter Watch I must now beg to ask, sir, whence is this supposed right of the states derived?where do they find the power to interfere with the laws of the Union? God grant that, in my day, at least, that curtain may not rise. These verses recount the first occurrence of slavery. One of the most storied match-ups in Senate history, the 1830 Webster-Hayne debate began with a beef between Northeast states and Western states over a plan to restrict . Correct answers: 2 question: Which of the following is the best definition of a hypothesis? He entered the Senate on that memorable day with a slow and stately step and took his seat as though unconscious of the loud buzz of expectant interest with which the crowded auditory greeted his appearance. Available in hard copy and for download. The militia of the state will be called out to sustain the nullifying act. Webster stood in favor of Connecticut's proposal that the federal government should stop surveying western land and sell the land it had already surveyed to boost it's revenue and strengthen it's authority. Hayne quotes from Thomas Jefferson to William Branch Giles, December 26, 1825, https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/letter-to-william-branch-giles/?_sft_document_author=thomas-jefferson. Competing Conceptions of Union and Ordered Liberty in . The gentleman has made an eloquent appeal to our hearts in favor of union. This is the true constitutional consolidation. Sir, I deprecate and deplore this tone of thinking and acting. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. . As sovereign states, each state could individually interpret the Constitution and even leave the Union altogether. . Sir, I have had some opportunities of making comparisons between the condition of the free Negroes of the North and the slaves of the South, and the comparison has left not only an indelible impression of the superior advantages of the latter, but has gone far to reconcile me to slavery itself. We look upon the states, not as separated, but as united. It is not the creature of state Legislatures; nay, more, if the whole truth must be told, the people brought it into existence, established it, and have hitherto supported it, for the very purpose, amongst others, of imposing certain salutary restraints on state sovereignties. It makes but little difference, in my estimation, whether Congress or the Supreme Court, are invested with this power. - Definition and Uses, Public Speaking: Assignment 1 - Informative Speech, Public Speaking: Assignment 3 - Special Occasion Speech, The Role of Probability Distributions, Random Numbers & the Computer in Simulations, The Monte Carlo Simulation: Scope & Common Applications, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, The methods by which the federal government earned its revenue, The federal government's surveying and selling of land west of the Mississippi River, The issue of slavery, which was beginning to divide the Northern and Southern states, The balance of power between federal and state governments. . Every scheme or contrivance by which rulers are able to procure the command of money by means unknown to, unseen or unfelt by, the people, destroys this security. . Well, the southern states were infuriated. Debate on the Constitutionality of the Mexican War, Letters and Journals from the Oregon Trail. It is only regarded as a possible means of good; or on the other hand, as a possible means of evil. It is one from which we are not disposed to shrink, in whatever form or under whatever circumstances it may be pressed upon us. . Certainly, sir, I am, and ever have been of that opinion. The great debate, which culminated in Hayne's encounter with Webster, came about in a somewhat casual way. The Hayne-Webster Debate was an unplanned series of speeches in the Senate, during which Robert Hayne of South Carolina interpreted the Constitution as little more than a treaty between sovereign states, and Daniel Webster expressed the concept of the United States as one nation. It was motivated by a dispute over the continued sale of western lands, an important source of revenue for the federal government. They attack nobody, and menace nobody. In The Webster-Hayne Debate, Christopher Childers examines the context of the debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and his Senate colleague Robert S. Hayne of South Carolina in January 1830 . The people had had quite enough of that kind of government, under the Confederacy. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you He must say to his followers [members of the state militia], defend yourselves with your bayonets; and this is warcivil war. Andrew Jackson & the Nullification Crisis | The Hermitage Rush-Bagot Treaty Structure & Effects | What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement? He served as a U.S. senator from 1823 to 1832, and was a leading proponent of the states' rights doctrine. Can any man believe, sir, that, if twenty-three millions per annum was now levied by direct taxation, or by an apportionment of the same among the states, instead of being raised by an indirect tax, of the severe effect of which few are aware, that the waste and extravagance, the unauthorized imposition of duties, and appropriations of money for unconstitutional objects, would have been tolerated for a single year? The Webster-Hayne debate was a famous debate in the United States between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina.It happened on January 19-27, 1830. Webster's speech aroused the latent spirit of patriotism. . Let their last feeble and lingering glance, rather behold the gorgeous Ensign of the Republic, now known and honored throughout the earth, still full high advanced, its arms and trophies streaming in their original luster, not a stripe erased or polluted, nor a single star obscuredbearing for its motto, no such miserable interrogatory as, what is all this worth? Webster-Hayne debate - Wikipedia Winners and Losers History's Famous Debates - Medium . Robert Young Hayne spent more than two decades in elected offices, including mayor of Charleston, member of South Carolina's legislature, attorney general, and then governor of the state. Judiciary Act of 1801 | Overview, History & Significance, General Ulysses S. Grant Takes Charge: His Strategic Plan for Ending the War. Hayne maintained that the states retained the authority to nullify federal law, Webster that federal law expressed the will of the American people and could not be nullified by a minority of the people in a state. . The Most Famous Senate Speech January 26, 1830 The debate began simply enough, centering on the seemingly prosaic subjects of tariff and public land policy. I understand him to maintain, that the ultimate power of judging of the constitutional extent of its own authority, is not lodged exclusively in the general government, or any branch of it; but that, on the contrary, the states may lawfully decide for themselves, and each state for itself, whether, in a given case, the act of the general government transcends its power. I have but one word more to add. . Rachel Venter is a recent graduate of Metropolitan State University of Denver. Post-Civil War, as the nation rebuilt and reconciled the balance between federal and state government, federal law became the supreme law of the land, just as Webster desired. An equally talented orator, Webster rose as the advocate of the North in the debate with his captivating reply to Hayne's initial argument. The Constitutional Convention: The Great Compromise, The Webster-Hayne Debate of 1830: Summary & Issues, The History of American Presidential Debates, Jonathan Edwards and the Great Awakening: Sermons & Biography, Who Was Susan B. Anthony? Address to the Slaves of the United States. Regional Conflict in America: Debate Over States' Rights. Webster spoke in favor of the proposed pause of federal surveyance of western land, representing the North's interest in selling the western land, which had already been surveyed. South Carolinas Declaration of the Causes of Secession (1860), Jefferson Daviss Inaugural Address (1861), Documents in Detail: The Webster-Hayne Debates, Remarks in Congress on the Tariff of Abominations, Check out our collection of primary source readers. If the government of the United States be the agent of the state governments, then they may control it, provided they can agree in the manner of controlling it; if it be the agent of the people, then the people alone can control it, restrain it, modify, or reform it. . . . Several state governments or courts, some in the north, had espoused the idea of nullification prior to 1828. . It laid the interdict against personal servitude, in original compact, not only deeper than all local law, but deeper, also, than all local constitutions. Pet Banks History & Effects | What are Pet Banks? . All regulated governments, all free governments, have been broken up by similar disinterested and well-disposed interference! To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. But to remove all doubt it is expressly declared, by the 10th article of the amendment of the Constitution, that the powers not delegated to the states, by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.. . Foote Idea To Limit The Sale Of Public Lands In The West To New Settlers. Webster-Hayne Debate by Stefan M. Brooks Now, I wish to be informedhowthis state interference is to be put in practice, without violence, bloodshed, and rebellion. That led into a debate on the economy, in which Webster attacked the institution of slavery and Hayne labeled the policy of protectionist tariffs as the consolidation of a strong central government, which he called the greatest of evils. I'm imagining that your answer is probably 'I do.' What they said I believe; fully and sincerely believe, that the Union of the states is essential to the prosperity and safety of the states. [2] We deal in no abstractions. The Webster-Hayne debate, which again was just one section of this greater discussion in the Senate, is traditionally considered to have begun when South Carolina senator Robert Y. Hayne stood to argue against Connecticut's proposal, accusing the northeastern states of trying to stall development of the West so that southern agricultural interests couldn't expand. Sir, it is because South Carolina loves the Union, and would preserve it forever, that she is opposing now, while there is hope, those usurpations of the federal government, which, once established, will, sooner or later, tear this Union into fragments. . Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. It has been said that Hayne was Calhoun's sword and buckler and that he returned to the contest refreshed each morning by nightly communions with the Vice-President, drawing auxiliary supplies from the well-stored arsenal of his powerful and subtle mind. The taxes paid by foreign nations to export American cotton, for example, generated lots of money for the government. For the next several days, the men traded speeches which contemporaries of the time described as the greatest orations ever delivered in the Senate. The people were not satisfied with it, and undertook to establish a better. This episode was used in nineteenth century America as a Biblical justification for slavery. This is a delicate and sensitive point, in southern feeling; and of late years it has always been touched, and generally with effect, whenever the object has been to unite the whole South against northern men, or northern measures. We who come here, as agents and representatives of these narrow-minded and selfish men of New England, consider ourselves as bound to regard, with equal eye, the good of the whole, in whatever is within our power of legislation. This absurdity (for it seems no less) arises from a misconception as to the origin of this government and its true character. To them, this was a scheme to give the federal government more control over the cost of land by creating a scarcity. Hayne entered the U.S. Senate in 1823 and soon became prominent as a spokesman for the South and for the . Perhaps a quotation from a speech in Parliament in 1803 of Lord Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderry (17691822) during a debate over the conduct of British officials in India. . The excited crowd which had packed the Senate chamber, filling every seat on the floor and in the galleries, and all the available standing room, dispersed after the orator's last grand apostrophe had died away in the air, with national pride throbbing at the heart. A state will be restrained by a sincere love of the Union. Conversation-based seminars for collegial PD, one-day and multi-day seminars, graduate credit seminars (MA degree), online and in-person. . The debate can be seen as a precursor to the debate that became . Webster-Hayne Debate book. And here it will be necessary to go back to the origin of the federal government. The Senate debates between Whig Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Democrat Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina in January 1830 started out as a disagreement over the sale of Western lands and turned into one of the most famous verbal contests in American history. . It is, sir, the peoples Constitution, the peoples government; made for the people; made by the people; and answerable to the people. The people of the United States cherish a devotion to the Union, so pure, so ardent, that nothing short of intolerable oppression, can ever tempt them to do anything that may possibly endanger it. There was an end to all apprehension. Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality: The American Anti-Slavery Society, Declaration of Sent Constitution of the American Anti-Slavery Society, Appeal to the Christian Women of the South, Protest in Illinois Legislature on Slavery. . Well, you're not alone. No hanging over the abyss of disunion, no weighing of the chances, no doubting as to what the Constitution was worth, no placing of liberty before Union, but "liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable." It develops the gentlemans whole political system; and its answer expounds mine. Will it promote the welfare of the United States to have at our disposal a permanent treasury, not drawn from the pockets of the people, but to be derived from a source independent of them? To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. . Shedding weak tears over sufferings which had existence only in their own sickly imaginations, these friends of humanity set themselves systematically to work to seduce the slaves of the South from their masters. But, sir, the gentleman is mistaken. If I could, by a mere act of my will, put at the disposal of the federal government any amount of treasure which I might think proper to name, I should limit the amount to the means necessary for the legitimate purposes of the government. They significantly declare, that it is time to calculate the value of the Union; and their aim seems to be to enumerate, and to magnify all the evils, real and imaginary, which the government under the Union produces. Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 27, 1830. . Ostend Manifesto of 1854 Overview & Purpose | What was the Ostend Manifesto? Most are forgettable, to put it charitably. The purpose of the Constitution was to permit cooperation between states under a shared political standard, but that meant that any growth in a federal government threatened the sovereignty of the states. . I hold it to be a popular government, erected by the people; those who administer it responsible to the people; and itself capable of being amended and modified, just as the people may choose it should be. It is worth noting that in the course of the debate, on the very floor of the Senate, both Hayne and Webster raised the specter of civil war 30 years before it commenced. Do they mean, or can they mean, anything more than that the Union of the states will be strengthened, by whatever continues or furnishes inducements to the people of the states to hold together? flashcard sets. . . Webster-Hayne debate - Wikisource, the free online library Record of the Organization and Proceedings of The Massachusetts Lawmakers Investigate Working Condit State (Colonial) Legislatures>Massachusetts State Legislature. More specifically, some of the issues facing Congress during this period included: Robert Y. Hayne served as Senator of South Carolina from 1823 to 1832. They will also better understand the debate's political context. Their own power over their own instrument remains. States' rights (South) vs. nationalism (North). . Sir, we narrow-minded people of New England do not reason thus. Van Buren responded to the Panic of 1837 with the idea of the independent treasury, which was a. a system of depositing money in select independent banks Sir, when gentlemen speak of the effects of a common fund, belonging to all the states, as having a tendency to consolidation, what do they mean? . . . The dominant historical opinion of the famous debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Young Hayne of South Carolina which took place in the United States Senate in 1830 has long been that Webster defeated Hayne both as an orator and a statesman. 1824 Presidential Election, Candidates & Significance | Who Won the Election of 1824? The Webster Hayne Debate - DEBETE CJK We all know that civil institutions are established for the public benefit, and that when they cease to answer the ends of their existence, they may be changed. See what I mean? I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Jackson himself would raise a national toast for 'the Union' later that year. . Even more pointedly, his speech reflected a decade of arguments from other Massachusetts conservatives who argued against supposed threats to New England's social order.[2]. But his reply was gathered from the choicest arguments and the most decadent thoughts that had long floated through his brain while this crisis was gathering; and bringing these materials together in a lucid and compact shape, he calmly composed and delivered before another crowded and breathless auditory a speech full of burning passages, which will live as long as the American Union, and the grandest effort of his life. Sir, there does not exist, on the face of the whole earth, a population so poor, so wretched, so vile, so loathsome, so utterly destitute of all the comforts, conveniences, and decencies of life, as the unfortunate blacks of Philadelphia, and New York, and Boston. Read reviews from world's largest community for readers. The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of spontaneous speeches presented to the United States Senate by senators Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. Hayne's few but zealous partizans shielded him still, and South Carolina spoke with pride of him. Create your account, 15 chapters | [was] fixed, forever, the character of the population in the vast regions Northwest of the Ohio, by excluding from them involuntary servitude. . . This leads us to inquire into the origin of this government, and the source of its power. Are we in that condition still? The Webster-Hayne Debate | Hopkins Press . The Webster-Hayne Debate: Defining Nationhood in the Early American Francis O. J. Smith to Secretary of State Dan Special Message to the House of Representatives, Special Message to Congress on Mexican Relations. [Its leader] would have a knot before him, which he could not untie. The Webster-Hayne debates began over one issue but quickly switched to another. The next day, however, Massachusetts senator Daniel Webster rose with his reply, and the northern states knew they had found their champion. . While the Union lasts, we have high, exciting, gratifying prospects spread out before us, for us and our children. Hayne quotes from the Virginia Resolution (1798), authored by Thomas Jefferson, to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798). The theory that the states' may vote against unfair laws. . . Union, of itself, is considered by the disciples of this school as hardly a good. Those who are in favor of consolidation; who are constantly stealing power from the states and adding strength to the federal government; who, assuming an unwarrantable jurisdiction over the states and the people, undertake to regulate the whole industry and capital of the country. Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 19, 1830. Foot calling for the temporary suspension of further land surveying until land already on the market was sold (to effectively stop the introduction of new lands onto the market). The Confederation was, in strictness, a compact; the states, as states, were parties to it. Sir, I should fear the rebuke of no intelligent gentleman of Kentucky, were I to ask whether, if such an ordinance could have been applied to his own state, while it yet was a wilderness, and before Boone had passed the gap of the Alleghany, he does not suppose it would have contributed to the ultimate greatness of that commonwealth? Hayne began the debate by speaking out against a proposal by the northern states which suggested that the federal government should stop its surveyance of land west of the Mississippi and shift its focus to selling the land it had already surveyed. Webster rose the next day in his seat to make his reply. On that system, Ohio and Carolina are different governments, and different countries, connected here, it is true, by some slight and ill-defined bond of union, but, in all main respects, separate and diverse. In January 1830, a debate on the nature of sovereignty in the American federal union occurred in the United States Senate between Senators Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne of South Carolina. In our contemplation, Carolina and Ohio are parts of the same country; states, united under the same general government, having interests, common, associated, intermingled. Sir, we will not stop to inquire whether the black man, as some philosophers have contended, is of an inferior race, nor whether his color and condition are the effects of a curse inflicted for the offences of his ancestors. Robert Young Hayne | American politician | Britannica In contrasting the state of Ohio with Kentucky, for the purpose of pointing out the superiority of the former, and of attributing that superiority to the existence of slavery, in the one state, and its absence in the other, I thought I could discern the very spirit of the Missouri question[1] intruded into this debate, for objects best known to the gentleman himself. She has a BA in political science. The Webster-Hayne Debate | Overview, Issues & Significance - Study . These debates transformed into a national crisis when South Carolina threatened . Massachusetts Senator Daniel Webster's "Second Reply" to South Carolina Senator Robert Y. Hayne has long been thought of as a great oratorical celebration of American Nationalism in a period of sectional conflict. . . The gentleman takes alarm at the sound. Lincoln-Douglas Debates History & Significance | What Was the Lincoln-Douglas Debate? He tells us, we have heard much, of late, about consolidation; that it is the rallying word for all who are endeavoring to weaken the Union by adding to the power of the states. But consolidation, says the gentleman, was the very object for which the Union was formed; and in support of that opinion, he read a passage from the address of the president of the Convention[3] to Congress (which he assumes to be authority on his side of the question.) But, according to the gentlemans reading, the object of the Constitution was to consolidate the government, and the means would seem to be, the promotion of injustice, causing domestic discord, and depriving the states and the people of the blessings of liberty forever.
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